A portion of amino acids 441-470 from the human protein was used as the immunogen for the Autophagin 4D antibody.
Macroautophagy is the major inducible pathway for the general turnover of cytoplasmic constituents in eukaryotic cells, it is also responsible for the degradation of active cytoplasmic enzymes and organelles during nutrient starvation. Macroautophagy involves the formation of double-membrane bound autophagosomes which enclose the cytoplasmic constituent targeted for degradation in a membrane bound structure, which then fuse with the lysosome (or vacuole) releasing a single-membrane bound autophagic bodies which are then degraded within the lysosome (or vacuole). APG4 is a cysteine protease required for autophagy, which cleaves the C-terminal part of either MAP1LC3, GABARAPL2 or GABARAP, allowing the liberation of form I. A subpopulation of form I is subsequently converted to a smaller form (form II). Form II, with a revealed C-terminal glycine, is considered to be the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated form, and has the capacity for the binding to autophagosomes.
Immunohistochemistry (FFPE): 1:25, Immunofluorescence: 1:25, Western blot: 1:500-1:2000
Application Notes:
The stated application concentrations are suggested starting points. Titration of the Autophagin 4D antibody may be required due to differences in protocols and secondary/substrate sensitivity.
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