| The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family, where amino acid sequence is highly conserved between members and throughout evolution. FGFR family members differ from one another in their ligand affinities and tissue distribution. A full-length representative protein consists of an extracellular region, composed of three immunoglobulin-like domains, a single hydrophobic membrane-spanning segment and a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase domain. The extracellular portion of the protein interacts with fibroblast growth factors, setting in motion a cascade of downstream signals, ultimately influencing mitogenesis and differentiation. This particular family member is a high-affinity receptor for acidic, basic and/or keratinocyte growth factor, depending on the isoform. Mutations in this gene are associated with Crouzon syndrome, Pfeiffer syndrome, Ccatalytic activity:ATP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine = ADP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate.,disease:Defects in FGFR2 are a cause of Apert syndrome (APRS) [MIM:101200], also known as acrocephalosyndactyly type 1 (ACS1). APRS is a syndrome characterized by facio-cranio-synostosis, osseous and membranous syndactyly of the four extremities, and midface hypoplasia. The craniosynostosis is bicoronal and results in acrocephaly of brachysphenocephalic type. Syndactyly of the fingers and toes may be total (mitten hands and sock feet) or partial affecting the second, third, and fourth digits. Intellectual deficit is frequent and often severe, usually being associated with cerebral malformations.,disease:Defects in FGFR2 are a cause of Jackson-Weiss syndrome (JWS) [MIM:123150]. JWS is an autosomal dominant craniosynostosis syndrome characterized by craniofacial abnormalities and abnormality of the feet: broad great toes with medial deviation and tarsal-metatarsal coalescence.,disease:Defects in FGFR2 are a cause of lacrimo-auriculo-dento-digital syndrome (LADDS) [MIM:149730], also known as Levy-Hollister syndrome. LADDS is a form of ectodermal dysplasia, a heterogeneous group of disorders due to abnormal development of two or more ectodermal structures. LADDS is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by aplastic/hypoplastic lacrimal and salivary glands and ducts, cup-shaped ears, hearing loss, hypodontia and enamel hypoplasia, and distal limb segments anomalies. In addition to these cardinal features, facial dysmorphism, malformations of the kidney and respiratory system and abnormal genitalia have been reported. Craniosynostosis and severe syndactyly are not observed.,disease:Defects in FGFR2 are a cause of Pfeiffer syndrome (PS) [MIM:101600], also known as acrocephalosyndactyly type V (ACS5). PS is characterized by craniosynostosis (premature fusion of the skull sutures) with deviation and enlargement of the thumbs and great toes, brachymesophalangy, with phalangeal ankylosis and a varying degree of soft tissue syndactyly. Three subtypes of Pfeiffer syndrome have been described: mild autosomal dominant form (type 1), cloverleaf skull, elbow ankylosis, early death, sporadic (type 2), craniosynostosis, early demise, sporadic (type 3).,disease:Defects in FGFR2 are the cause of Antley-Bixler syndrome (ABS) [MIM:207410]. ABS is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by craniosynostosis, radiohumeral synostosis, midface hypoplasia, malformed ears, arachnodactyly and multiple joint contractures. ABS is a heterogeneous disorder and occurs with and without abnormal genitalia in both sexes.,disease:Defects in FGFR2 are the cause of Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome (BSCGS) [MIM:123790]. BSCGS is an autosomal dominant condition is characterized by the furrowed skin disorder of cutis gyrata, acanthosis nigricans, craniosynostosis, craniofacial dysmorphism, digital anomalies, umbilical and anogenital abnormalities and early death.,disease:Defects in FGFR2 are the cause of Crouzon syndrome (CS) [MIM:123500], also called craniofacial dysostosis type |
