THR-123 is an orally active ALK3 peptide agonist. It binds relatively weakly to ALK2 and does not bind to ALK6. THR-123 can inhibit inflammation, apoptosis (cell death), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as reverse fibrosis already formed in five different acute and chronic kidney injury mouse models. THR-123 is applicable for research on renal fibrosis.