Formins include several families of proteins that regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics via two conserved formin homology domains, FH1 and FH2. Through cooperation of FH1 and FH2, formins construct actin-based structures comprising linear, unbranched filaments that are used in stress fibers, actin cables, microspikes, and contractile rings. A subgroup of the formins is the diaphanous (Dia) family, which includes mDia1 (Diap1), mDia2 (Diap3), and mDia3 (Diap2). The mDia1 protein is activated by Rho and leads to ROCK-dependent stress fiber formation. Rho-activated mDia1 regulates serum response factor-dependent transcription. In cancers, mDia1 has been implicated in ras-mediated transformation, metastasis, and invasion. Thus, mDia1 is a Rho-activated formin with both cytoskeletal- and transcription-reguatling activities.
Formins include several families of proteins that regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics via two conserved formin homology domains, FH1 and FH2. Through cooperation of FH1 and FH2, formins construct actin-based structures comprising linear, unbranched filam
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